The Sultanate of Oman is an Arab country on the south-eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. The official religion of the country is Islam. The country has borders to the west with Yemen, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. The Arabian Sea is its eastern border and the Gulf of Oman its northern border. Muscat has long been one of the main trading ports in the Indian Ocean and is today the largest city and capital.

Muscat and Oman used Indian stamps from 1864 until 1947. For a short period thereafter Pakistan stamps were used and from April 1948 until 1966 British agency stamps were used. The British agency closed in 1966 and the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman took over the postal service. Stamps were inscribed Muscat and Oman and from 1971 stamps were issued in the name of the Sultanate of Oman.